Postpartum Problems Extra questions Batch A – MCQ
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Question 1 of 50
1. Question
1. You have just examined Mrs X in the postpartum clinic. She is complaining of breast pain and discomfort. You have established a diagnosis of postpartum mastitis.
All of the following are treatment options for her except:
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Question 2 of 50
2. Question
2. The commonest urinary problem occurring in the postpartum period is:
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Question 3 of 50
3. Question
3. A 24-year-old woman presents to delivery suite with a 12 h history of right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. She is at 7 days’ postnatal having delivered her baby by emergency caesarean section at 34 weeks. Her pregnancy was complicated by severe hypertension and postpartum haemorrhage of 1 L. She has a BMI of 32. Her BP is 130/80 mmHg, pulse is 108 bpm, temperature is 37.2 and oxygen satura- tions are 94 % in air. What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?
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Question 4 of 50
4. Question
4. A 40-year-old woman, who has had a previous caesarean delivery, experiences brisk vaginal bleeding immediately following vaginal delivery of a 36-week gestation baby (birth weight 3.8 kg). 10 min prior to the delivery, there was acute onset fetal bradycardia and cessation of uterine contractile activity. The urinary catheter shows haematuria. The placenta was delivered without complication.
Bimanual compression of the uterus is extremely painful for the woman. Despite an estimated blood loss of 500 ml, she appears pale and clammy with BP 90/30 and pulse 120 bpm. Which one of the following is the most likely cause for the excessive genital tract bleeding?
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Question 5 of 50
5. Question
5. A 40-year-old woman, who has had three previous vaginal deliveries, experiences brisk vaginal bleeding immediately following vaginal delivery of 36-week gestation twins (birth weights 2.0 and 1.9 kg). An episiotomy was not required. The placenta was delivered without complication. She received an epidural top-up 30 min before delivery. The estimated blood loss is 700 ml. Which one of the following is the most likely cause for the excessive genital tract bleeding?
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Question 6 of 50
6. Question
6. A 32-year-old woman presents to delivery suite with a 3-day history of worsening pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding with clots. She is at 5 days postnatal having deliv- ered her baby by kiwi cup vacuum delivery at 41 weeks’ gestation. She has a BMI of 32. Her BP is 130/80 mmHg, pulse is 108 bpm, temperature is 37.9 and oxygen saturations are 95 % in air. She has pelvic tenderness on examination.
What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?
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Question 7 of 50
7. Question
7. Which one of the following statements is correct in relation to postpartum depression?
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Question 8 of 50
8. Question
8. Which one of the following best defines secondary postpartum haemorrhage?
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Question 9 of 50
9. Question
9. Which one of the following correctly states how much energy is provided by human milk through breastfeeding?
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Question 10 of 50
10. Question
10. Which one of the following correctly states the calorific energy requirements for a newborn infant born at term gestation?
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Question 11 of 50
11. Question
11. Postpartum anaemia is defined as a haemoglobin less than
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Question 12 of 50
12. Question
12. A 34-year-old woman attends the postpartum clinic with complaints of superficial dyspareunia. She delivered a 4.5 kg baby with the help of outlet forceps 2 months back. She is currently breastfeeding. On local examination the perineum is healthy, no signs of atrophic vaginitis. On palpation, there is definite tenderness in the episi- otomy scar. What will be your advice to herA 34-year-old woman attends the postpartum clinic with complaints of superficial dyspareunia. She delivered a 4.5 kg baby with the help of outlet forceps 2 months back. She is currently breastfeeding. On local examination the perineum is healthy, no signs of atrophic vaginitis. On palpation, there is definite tenderness in the episi- otomy scar. What will be your advice to her
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Question 13 of 50
13. Question
13. You are attending a regional annual perinatal morbidity and mortality meeting.
How is perinatal mortality in UK defined ?
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Question 14 of 50
14. Question
14. A 25-year-old low-risk woman delivered a healthy baby at term by an emergency caesarean section for massive APH. Estimated blood loss was 1.5 L, uneventful recovery.
What is the risk of abruption in her next pregnancy?
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Question 15 of 50
15. Question
15. A 28-year-old para 1 who is keen to breast feed is being debriefed a er her caesarean section the previous day. She has had a variety of complex mental health issues and you discuss her management with the psychiatrist who has come to visit her on the ward.
Which of the following drugs is the safest for the infant if the mother is breast feeding
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Question 16 of 50
16. Question
16. Explanation: Citalopram is excreted in the breast milk and may be used with caution if the bene ts of breast feeding are likely to outweigh the risks. A woman who is on any of the other drugs should usually be advised not to breast feed.
Reference: National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2014). Clinical guideline 192. Antenatal and postnatal mental health: Clinical management and service guidance. London.
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Question 17 of 50
17. Question
17. Ms. XY is brought to the A + E department, unwell. She is a para 1, post-SVD 3 days ago with ragged membranes noted at delivery. Her observations include pulse 128 bpm, BP 80 systolic, RR 24 breaths/min and temp 39° C and she feels cold and clammy. She reports heavy offensive lochia.
She has been fluid resuscitated now and commenced on oxygen by mask. What is the next immediate step in her management?
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Question 18 of 50
18. Question
18. Ms. XY is a para 1 who delivered 1 week ago. She was diagnosed to have GDM (diet controlled), and her plasma glucose levels have now returned to normal. What follow-up should she have postpartum?
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Question 19 of 50
19. Question
19. Ms. XY is a para 1, day 1 postpartum and known to have essential hypertension and asthma. She was not medicated throughout her pregnancy. Her blood pressures postpartum have been 150–160 (S) and 95–100 (D). Her urine PCR is 20. She is breastfeeding.
Which of the following treatment options are best suited to her ?
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Question 20 of 50
20. Question
20. Ms. XY is brought to the A + E department, unwell. She is a para 1, post-SVD 3 days ago with ragged membranes noted at delivery. Her observations include pulse 128 bpm, BP 80 systolic, RR 24 breaths/min and temp 39° C and she feels cold and clammy. She reports heavy offensive lochia. She has been fluid resuscitated now and commenced on oxygen by mask. Which of the following blood results reflect severe sepsis?
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Question 21 of 50
21. Question
21. Ms. XY is brought to the A + E department, unwell. She is a para 1, post-SVD 3 days ago with ragged membranes noted at delivery. Her observations include pulse 128 bpm, BP 80 systolic, RR 24 breaths/min and temp 39° C and she feels cold and clammy. She reports heavy offensive lochia. Which of the following antibiotics are best suited to her?
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Question 22 of 50
22. Question
23. Ms. XY is now a para 1, with A negative blood group. She has just delivered in the midwifery-led unit and has had to theatre for a manual removal of a retained pla- centa. Her baby at 0+ve. Kleihauer test suggests a fetomaternal haemorrhage of 6 mLs. How much anti-D should she receive?
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Question 23 of 50
23. Question
23. Drugs are prescribed in pregnancy upon the assumption that their positive effect on health outweighs the probability and severity of any harm to the mother and fetus. On this basis, which SINGLE drug is most likely to be contraindicated for maternal use when breastfeeding?
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Question 24 of 50
24. Question
24. Ms. XY was diagnosed to have an acute DVT at 34 weeks of gestation. She received antenatal LMWH. She has delivered this morning (38 weeks). She would like to discuss warfarin for postpartum thromboprophylaxis as she would rather avoid nee- dles. She would like to breastfeed.
Which of the following treatment options are best suited to her ?
A. Warfarin commenced at 48 h postpartum.
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Question 25 of 50
25. Question
25. Ms. XY is on day 1 postpartum following a vaginal delivery at home. She presents to the A + E department in septic shock. She gives history of a fever and sore throat leading up to the delivery.
What is the most likely organism responsible for her condition?CorrectIncorrect -
Question 26 of 50
26. Question
26. Ms. XY is in theatre recovery after repair of a 3B perineal tear. You come to debrief her about the procedure. What percentage of women are asymptomatic after EAS repair at 12 months ?
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Question 27 of 50
27. Question
27. A 38-year-old Asian mother has delivered her fourth baby normally. She is a known Type 2 diabetic and was taking Met- formin prior to pregnancy for glycemic control. From 32 weeks gestation, Isophane insulin was added twice daily in addition to Metformin to achieve glycemic control. The woman is planning to breast feed.
What advise should be given with regard to a hypoglycemic agent in the postnatal period?
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Question 28 of 50
28. Question
28. A 17-year-old Para 1 is attending for postnatal follow-up 6 weeks after an emergency caesarean section for severe pre-eclampsia and HELLP at 27+ 2 days gestation. The baby was severely growth-restricted and is still in the neonatal unit.
What is her risk of pre-eclampsia in a future pregnancy?
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Question 29 of 50
29. Question
29. A woman who is a recent immigrant to the United Kingdom is admitted in labour and delivers rapidly. At delivery, the midwife had noted that the liquor was offensive and appropriate swabs were taken. The mother is also noted to have a low-grade pyrexia and mild tachycardia. Within minutes of antibiotic administration, the mother collapses and anaphylactic shock is diagnosed. An A, B, C, D, E approach has been initiated.
What is the definitive treatment for anaphylaxis?
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Question 30 of 50
30. Question
30. A primigravida aged 30 attends the antenatal clinic for booking. She is known to have Bipolar Disorder and was taking lithium, which was stopped preconceptually due to concerns over fetal tox- icity. Her mother is known to have bipolar disorder. What is her risk of developing postpartum psychosis?
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Question 31 of 50
31. Question
31. A 35-year-old grandmultipara has had a major postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) following a normal delivery. Mechanical and pharmacological measures have failed to control the bleeding. Examination has confirmed that there are no retained placental tissue in the uterine cavity and absence of trauma to genital tract. What is the most appropriate first-line surgical management?
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Question 32 of 50
32. Question
32. Active management of the third stage of labour reduces the risk of PPH. By what proportion is the risk of PPH reduced by prophylactic oxy- tocic agents?
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Question 33 of 50
33. Question
33. A 33-year-old multiparous woman has been taking therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) from 34 weeks gestation for confirmed pulmonary embolism. She has an uncomplicated spontaneous normal vaginal delivery at 38 weeks gestation.
What is the most appropriate postnatal management?
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Question 34 of 50
34. Question
34. A 37-year-old primigravida, 102 kg, and a BMI of 40 kg/m2 is seen in the antenatal clinic for booking. She has conceived following a long period of subfertility through assisted conception. Ultrasound scan had confirmed a di-chorionic, di-amniotic twin pregnancy of 11+ 5 days gestation. Prophylactic LMWH had been given throughout pregnancy. A category 3 caesarean section had been performed at 37 weeks.
What is recommended as the best practice with regard to reducing maternal risk of VTE in the puerperium?
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Question 35 of 50
35. Question
35. A 25-year-old woman goes into spontaneous labour at term. She has an undiagnosed Chlamydia infection. What is the chance that she will develop a puerperal infection if she delivers vaginally?
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Question 36 of 50
36. Question
36. Chlamydia testing should be performed in women with lower gen- ital tract symptoms and intrapartum or postpartum fever, and in mothers of infants with ophthalmia neonatorum.
When should the test of cure be done after initial treatment in pregnancy?
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Question 37 of 50
37. Question
37. In a breastfeeding population, what is the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV due to breastfeeding?
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Question 38 of 50
38. Question
38. What proportion of cases of neonatal Herpes simplex infection are due to HSV-2?
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Question 39 of 50
39. Question
39. Awomanwithconfirmedobstetriccholestatishasanormalvaginal delivery. How long after delivery should repeat liver function tests be per- formed?
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Question 40 of 50
40. Question
40. A woman in the second postpartum week presents with confu- sion, bewilderment, delusions and hallucinations. She feels hope- less and care of the baby has been affected.
What is the most likely diagnosis?CorrectIncorrect -
Question 41 of 50
41. Question
41.Mental disorders during pregnancy and the postnatal period can have serious consequences on the health of the mother and her baby. It is vital that these women be managed by the appropriate health-care professionals.
Which health-care professional(s) should care for pregnant women with a history of postpartum psychosis?
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Question 42 of 50
42. Question
42. Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency usually needing admission. What is the incidence of postpartum psychosis in the general pop- ulation?
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Question 43 of 50
43. Question
43. A woman in the first postpartum week presents with mood swings ranging from elation to sadness, irritability, anxiety and decreased concentration. Care of the baby is not impaired and the woman does not feel suicidal.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 44 of 50
44. Question
44. At a woman’s first contact with primary care or her booking visit and during the early postnatal period efforts should be made to ask about the woman’s mental health and well-being using the 2 item GAD2 Scale:
What is the GAD-2 scale used for?
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Question 45 of 50
45. Question
45. A woman with a history of severe depression presents with mild depression in pregnancy or the postnatal period.
What is the best plan of care?
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Question 46 of 50
46. Question
46. All health-care professionals providing assessment and interven- tions for mental health problems in pregnancy and the postnatal period should understand the variations in their presentation and course.
Along with this there should be knowledge of how these variations affect treatment, and the context in which they are assessed and treated (e.g., maternity services, health visiting and mental health services).When a woman with a known or suspected mental health problem is referred in postnatal period within what time frame should assessment for treatment be initiated?
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Question 47 of 50
47. Question
47. A 27-year-old primigravida presents at 35+3 weeks’ gestation with a headache and 24 hours of no fetal movement. An IUFD and preeclampsia are diagnosed. Induction of labour is performed. Four days a er delivery her BP is still very labile, and she continues to require second-line oral therapy. She is troubled by lactation and breast pain.
What would be the best management for her?
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Question 48 of 50
48. Question
48. A 23-year-old medical student has delivered a healthy male neonate weighing 2900 g at term 36 hours ago by SVD. T e mother is generally t and well and has been granted a year out of her studies, having found out she was pregnant shortly a er her elective in Papua New Guinea. She has noticed that, this morning, the neonate has rapidly developed severe bilateral conjunctivitis with a profuse purulent discharge. Last night the neonate’s eyes looked normal.
What is the most likely causative organism in this case of neonatal conjunctivitis?
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Question 49 of 50
49. Question
49. A 32-year-old primigravida commences a planned delivery in a rural stand-alone midwifery unit. A er 8 hours of established labour, the second stage of labour is diagnosed. T e woman develops an urge to push 1 hour later and she commences pushing. A er 30 minutes late decelerations are heard on intermittent auscultation. On examination the fetus is cephalic, 2/5 palpable per abdomen, fully dilated, direct OP and at station spines −1. T ere is 3+ caput and 3+ moulding. A decision is made for transfer to hospital, although this is delayed because of treacherous snow-covered and ice-covered roads. On arrival at hospital3hourslatertheC Gisseverelyabnormal,withexamination
ndings unchanged and a category 1 caesarean section is performed. en minutes a er delivery resuscitation is stopped for a few seconds while the neonate is reassessed. T e fetus is still extremely oppy, with no pulse, no response to stimulation and no spontaneous breathing. It is blue.
What is the infant’s 10-minute Apgar score?
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Question 50 of 50
50. Question
50. A 32-year-old obese primigravida has a forceps delivery at 39+2 weeks’ gestation for suspected fetal compromise. Because the baby is not spontaneously crying at delivery, the obstetrician clamps and cuts the cordimmediately.Shortlya erwards,however,thebabyspontaneously cries a er stimulation by the midwife. T e following day the baby feeds poorly and is found to be anaemic. T e issue of cord clamping in term neonates is discussed and debated between the obstetricians and neonatologists at the next perinatal morbidity meeting.
What is the best management regarding cord clamping in term neonates?
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