Imaging in obstetrics & gynecology

1. What is the SI unit for the activity of radioactive decay?

A. Gray
B. Sievert
C. Rad
D. Roentgen
E. Becquerel

2. What is the contrast used in MRI scans?

A. Iodine
B. Barium
C. Thallium
D. Gadolinium
E. Technitium

3. A 25 year old woman presents with right sided pelvic pain for more than 1 year.An ultrasound scan is arranged which shows a 5 cm well defined cystic lesion in the right adnexa with mixed echoes. There is no fluid in the cul de sac.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Benign cystic teratoma
B. Endodermal sinus tumour
C. Endometrioma
D. Mucinous cystadenoma
E. Serous cystadenoma.

4. A 26 year old woman who is 6 weeks pregnant by dates ,is referred to EPU with vaginal spotting,which is continuous today.Ultrasound shows a fetal pole with a CRL of 4 mm.There is no fetal heart action noted.The ovaries & adnexa appear normal.What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Heterotopic pregnancy
B. Viable IU pregnancy
C. Could be a viable pregnancy
D. Non viable pregnancy
E. Threatened miscarriage

5. Piezoelectric transducer is used in

A. MRI
B. CT scan
C. Usg
D. Xray
E. PET

6. 30 years old lady, came to emergency with LIF pain& US showed the following picture. Her LMP was 1 week ago.
Likely diagnosis.

A. Ovarian cyst
B. Hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst
C. Endometrioma
D. Ovarian ca
E. Dermoid

7. Soft markers of chromosomal abnormalities on ultrasound scan include

A. Echogenic bowel
B. Choroid plexus cyst
C. Mid renal pelvis dilatation
D. A,B,C
E. Only A & B

8. Ultrasound can cause

A. Cavitation
B. Heating
C. Micro – streaming
D. No evidence of congenital abnormalities due to ultrasound yet
E. All of the above

9. Which of the following use ionising form of radiation?

A. Electrocautery
B. Laser
C. MRI
D. X-ray
E. Ultrasound

10. CRL at which fetal cardiac activity is seen using TVScan

A. >2 mm
B. >3 mm
C. >4mm
D. >5 mm
E. >6 mm

11. Nuchal translucency is abnormal when more than

A. 1.5 mm
B. 2.5 mm
C. 3.5 mm
D. 5 mm
E. 6 mm

12. What is the frequency of a transabdominal ultrasound scan?

A. 2-6 MHz
B. 7-10 MHz
C. 10-14 MHz
D. 15-20 MHz
E. >20 MHz

13. At the end of surgery you notice an area of burn near the attached diathermy plate.The diathermy plate seems to be partially detached.Which of the following would be the most likely aetiology?

A. High voltage was used
B. Due to the plate not being secured properly,the current density was concentrated in the smaller area where the plate was attached.
C. The injury may have resulted from insulation failure.
D. The power output was accidentally turned up.
E. The surgeon may have accidentally touched the instrument to the patients thigh.

14. Which type of electrosurgical circuits is safest in the operating theatre?

A. Grounded pad
B. Return to pad
C. Isolation
D. Parallel
E. Series

15. In utero exposure to radiation increases the risk of which of the following in childhood?

A. Diabetes
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C. IUGR
D. Mental retardation
E. All of the above

16. Regarding ultrasound examination,all are true except

A. Can diagnose a cleft lip
B. Can diagnose fetal ascites
C. Anomaly scan is usually carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy
D. Cant reliablyestablish fetal maturity at 34 weeks gestation
E. Can diagnose the fertilised ovum prior to implantation.

17. The standard Xray chest is equivalent to what duration of natural background radiation?

A. 7- 10 days
B. 2 years
C. 10 days
D. 2 months
E. 10 months

18. Which of the following is correct ,regarding electrosurgery?

A. Monopolar diathermy requires a return electrode
B. Bipolar diathermy can be used for cutting tissues
C. Dessication of tissues is achieved only via bipolar diathermy
D. Direct coupling is achieved by adhering to strict safety protocols.
E. Diathermy uses low frequency alternating current.

19. With regards to MRI,which of the following is correct?

A. Tissue with high hydrogen concentration are difficult to distinguish
B. Blood vessels appear white on scanning
C. Involves ionising radiation
D. Has no recognized adverse effects on the fetus
E. The pregnant woman should be turned to her right while scanning.

20. Which of the following is true regarding HSG?

A. Requires use of USG
B. It may be used for investigating both primary & secondary subfertility
C. Should be performed in the luteal phase of the cycle
D. Contraindicated in pts with H/O chlamydia
E. Pregnancy test may not be required before the procedure.